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Specialized Care Centers and Settings-I

Specialized Care Centers and Settings-I

Specialized care settings or centers are situated in convenient locations within the community and offer care to a specific group or population. They consist of daycare facilities, mental health facilities, rural health facilities, educational institutions, industries, shelters for the homeless, and rehabilitation facilities.
Daycare centers
They provide several functions. Some facilities care for healthy newborns and children whose parents work, while others are medically focused and care for...

Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II

Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II

Rural Health Centers
Rural health centers are specialized care facilities in remote locations with very few medical personnel. The primary care providers who run the centers are mostly Registered Nurse Practitioners. Here, emergency treatment is provided to critically ill or injured patients before they are transferred to the closest hospital. Fortunately, due to advancement in technology, many rural healthcare facilities and professionals have easy access to diagnostic and treatment...

Patient-centered Care

Patient-centered Care

Patient-centered care involves delivering care beyond inpatient hospitalization. Reflective practice can enhance a patient-centered approach. Reflective practice is a process of reasoning that considers all aspects of the present situation, including practicalities, learning from personal practice, and consideration of patient needs. Patients appreciate care decisions made while considering their input. Involving the patient in their care provides the patient with a sense of contribution rather...

Parental Care

Parental Care

Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.

Continuing Care

Continuing Care

Continuing care describes the variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. The need for continuing care is increasing because people are living longer. Many people do not have families or others to care for them. Continuing care is mainly for patients who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering from a terminal disease. It is available within institutional settings or in homes. Examples include nursing centers or facilities, assisted living,...

Restorative Care

Restorative Care

Restorative care is provided once a patient has been discharged from a healthcare facility and requires additional services. The additional services include home care, rehabilitation programs, and extended care. Restorative care centers help the patient regain their previous level of functioning or acquire a new level of functioning due to the incapacitating effects of a disease or a disability. It aims to assist patients in enhancing their quality of life by encouraging independence,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Published on: January 7, 2020

Family centered neonatal care.

Umberto de Vonderweid¹, Marialisa Leonessa

¹Pediatric and Neonatal Unit, S. Croce Hospital, Moncalieri, Italy. j.rampazzi@emec-roma.com

Early Human Development

|October 20, 2009

Summary

Italian NICUs vary in parental access and developmental care. While Kangaroo Mother Care is common, unrestricted parental access and breast milk feeding at discharge remain limited due to structural and organizational issues.

Area of Science:

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) care practices
Parental involvement in neonatal care
Infant developmental care strategies

Background:

Parental presence and involvement are crucial for infant well-being in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs).
Environmental modifications and individualized care aim to reduce stress and promote development in preterm infants.
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a recognized method for improving outcomes in preterm neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

To survey current practices in Italian NICUs regarding parental access, environmental care, individualized developmental care, breast milk feeding, and Kangaroo Mother Care.
To identify barriers to implementing unrestricted parental access and comprehensive developmental care in NICUs.

Main Methods:

A nationwide survey was conducted across all Italian NICUs.

More Related Videos

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Published on: January 7, 2020

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Data collected focused on policies and implementation of parental access, environmental adjustments (light/noise reduction), developmental care (nesting, positioning), breast milk feeding, and Kangaroo Mother Care.

Main Results:

Unrestricted parental access is limited to 29% of NICUs, primarily due to structural and organizational constraints.
Most NICUs implement environmental care (reduced light/noise), but individualized developmental care procedures are uncommon.
Breast milk feeding at discharge is infrequent, while Kangaroo Mother Care is utilized in 67% of NICUs.

Conclusions:

Italian NICUs show variability in adopting family-centered care practices, with significant room for improvement in parental access and developmental care.
Barriers to enhanced parental involvement and comprehensive care need to be addressed through improved infrastructure and organizational strategies.
While KMC is widely adopted, promoting unrestricted parental access and breast milk feeding requires further attention and resources within NICU settings.