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Janice L Pasieka1

  • 1Division of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T0, Canada. Janice.pasieka@albertahealthservices.ca

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Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors, formerly called carcinoid tumors, vary widely in behavior. This review covers these tumors, focusing on those general surgeons frequently encounter.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Carcinoid tumors originate from enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Their biologic behavior ranges from indolent to aggressive.
  • The terminology 'carcinoid' is now reserved for specific neuroendocrine tumors, causing some confusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors relevant to general surgeons.
  • To clarify terminology and clinical presentation of these neoplasms.
  • To highlight lesions encountered during emergency surgery or incidental findings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors.
  • Analysis of tumor behavior and clinical relevance for general surgery.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and management considerations.

Main Results:

  • Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors present a spectrum of clinical behaviors.
  • Accurate terminology is crucial but not universally adopted.
  • General surgeons often encounter these tumors incidentally or during emergency procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Familiarity with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors is essential for general surgeons.
  • Understanding the diverse biologic potential is key for patient management.
  • This review provides a focused overview for surgical practice.