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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification01:27

Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification

Adrenergic receptors, or adrenoceptors, respond to the autonomic neurotransmitter noradrenaline and other endogenous catecholamine agonists. They are classified into two main families, α and β, based on their pharmacological response and are further subdivided depending on their location, elicited response, and affinity to specific agonists or antagonists.
α-Adrenoceptors
α-Adrenoceptors are classified into two main subtypes: α1 and α2. The α1 adrenoceptors, which are found on postsynaptic...

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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Adrenocortical cancer.

Melissa Wandoloski1, Kimberly J Bussey, Michael J Demeure

  • 1Translational Genomics Research Institute, Clinical Translational Research Division, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|October 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine cancer. This review covers ACC

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy.
  • It accounts for up to 0.2% of all cancer deaths.
  • Understanding ACC's epidemiology and pathology is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence, presentation, and pathology of ACC.
  • To explore the molecular oncogenesis of ACC.
  • To discuss surgical and therapeutic options for ACC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ACC incidence and presentation.
  • Pathological analysis of ACC.
  • Review of molecular mechanisms in ACC oncogenesis.
  • Analysis of current surgical and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • ACC presents with varying incidence and clinical features.
  • Pathology reveals distinct characteristics of ACC.
  • Molecular pathways driving ACC oncogenesis are complex.
  • Effective treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Conclusions:

  • ACC is a rare but aggressive endocrine tumor.
  • Further research into molecular oncogenesis can improve targeted therapies.
  • Surgical resection and multimodal treatment offer the best chance for cure.