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Related Concept Videos

Binary Fission01:20

Binary Fission

Fission is the division of a single entity into two or more parts, which regenerate into separate entities that resemble the original. Organisms in the Archaea and Bacteria domains reproduce using binary fission, in which a parent cell splits into two parts that can each grow to the size of the original parent cell. This asexual method of reproduction produces cells that are all genetically identical.
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Crossing over01:34

Crossing over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Binary Fission01:26

Binary Fission

Binary fission is the primary mode of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, such as bacteria. It results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells. This highly efficient process ensures the rapid propagation of bacterial populations under favorable conditions and involves coordinated cellular and molecular events.DNA Replication and SeparationThe process begins with the replication of the bacterial chromosome. The circular DNA molecule unwinds at a specific origin of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Inducing Complete Polyp Regeneration from the Aboral Physa of the Starlet Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis
08:17

Inducing Complete Polyp Regeneration from the Aboral Physa of the Starlet Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis

Published on: January 14, 2017

Ferrying wingless across the synaptic cleft.

Daniela C Zarnescu1, Konrad E Zinsmaier

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

Cell
|October 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The transmembrane protein Evi acts as a carrier for Wingless (Wnt) morphogens, facilitating their transfer across the synaptic cleft between neurons and muscles. Evi also aids in Frizzled-2 receptor trafficking in postsynaptic muscles.

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Secreted Wnt morphogens are crucial for intercellular communication.
  • The precise mechanisms of Wnt morphogen transport between cells remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of Wnt morphogen transfer between cells.
  • To identify the role of the transmembrane protein Evi in Wnt transport.

Main Methods:

  • The study utilized genetic and cellular approaches in a model organism (likely Drosophila melanogaster, given the mention of Wingless).
  • Investigated the localization and function of the Evi protein in relation to Wnt signaling.

Main Results:

  • The transmembrane protein Evi functions as a versatile carrier for Wingless (Wnt) morphogens.

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  • Evi guides Wingless to presynaptic terminals of motor neurons and facilitates its transport across the synaptic cleft.
  • In postsynaptic muscles, Evi promotes the trafficking of the Frizzled-2 receptor, a key Wnt receptor.

    • Conclusions:

    • Evi plays a critical role in mediating Wnt morphogen transport at the synapse.
    • This mechanism highlights a novel pathway for directed morphogen delivery essential for cell-cell communication and development.