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Related Concept Videos

Automated Microbial Diagnostics01:24

Automated Microbial Diagnostics

Automated diagnostic analyzers have transformed clinical microbiology by providing rapid and reliable methods for pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Among these systems, the Vitek 2 is widely used because it automates the traditionally labor-intensive processes of microbial identification (ID) and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), delivering standardized and timely results that are essential for effective patient care.Microbial Identification with ID CardsThe...
Rapid Identification of Pathogens01:25

Rapid Identification of Pathogens

MALDI-TOF MS has transformed clinical microbiology by offering a rapid and reliable method for pathogen identification. The traditional approach to microbial identification typically involves time-consuming culture techniques and biochemical tests, which can delay the initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. MALDI-TOF MS avoids these delays by using characteristic ribosomal protein mass patterns of microbial cells, enabling accurate species-level identification within minutes.Principle...
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
Microbial Biosensors01:17

Microbial Biosensors

Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Multiplex Detection of Bacteria in Complex Clinical and Environmental Samples using Oligonucleotide-coupled Fluorescent Microspheres
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Multiplex Detection of Bacteria in Complex Clinical and Environmental Samples using Oligonucleotide-coupled Fluorescent Microspheres

Published on: October 23, 2011

Multiplex pathogen identification for polymicrobial urinary tract infections using biosensor technology: a

Kathleen E Mach1, Christine B Du, Hardeep Phull

  • 1Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5118, USA.

The Journal of Urology
|October 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel electrochemical biosensor for rapid urinary tract infection diagnosis in neurogenic bladder patients. The 1-hour assay accurately identifies common uropathogens, improving point-of-care diagnostics.

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Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors
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Multiplex Detection of Bacteria in Complex Clinical and Environmental Samples using Oligonucleotide-coupled Fluorescent Microspheres
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Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors
09:30

Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

Published on: April 23, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Clinical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose significant challenges, especially in patients with neurogenic bladder prone to recurrent, polymicrobial infections.
  • Rapid and accurate UTI diagnosis is crucial for effective clinical management and preventing complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the analytical validity of an electrochemical biosensor array for the rapid molecular diagnosis of UTIs.
  • To assess the biosensor's performance in a prospective clinical study involving patients with neurogenic bladder.

Main Methods:

  • An electrochemical biosensor array was developed using DNA probes targeting 16S rRNA of common uropathogens.
  • Urine samples from spinal cord-injured patients were analyzed within 1-2 hours of collection.
  • Biosensor results were compared against standard clinical microbiology laboratory methods.

Main Results:

  • A 1-hour multiplex assay successfully identified pathogens, with 74% of samples testing positive and 42% showing polymicrobial infections.
  • The biosensor demonstrated 100% specificity and positive predictive value for pathogen detection.
  • Sensitivity was 89% and negative predictive value was 76%, identifying common uropathogens like E. coli and P. aeruginosa.

Conclusions:

  • This study reports the first prospective clinical validation of an electrochemical biosensor for point-of-care UTI pathogen identification.
  • Further optimization of detection limits and probe design is recommended to enhance assay sensitivity.