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Related Concept Videos

Bullying02:04

Bullying

A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture01:27

Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture

Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
Bystander Effect02:09

Bystander Effect

The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.

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Related Experiment Video

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An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
07:36

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Published on: May 3, 2016

Pathways to poly-victimization.

David Finkelhor1, Richard Ormrod, Heather Turner

  • 1University of New Hampshire, USA. david.finkelhor@unh.edu

Child Maltreatment
|October 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children experiencing multiple victimizations (poly-victimization) may follow four pathways: dangerous environments, family issues, chaotic homes, or emotional problems. These risks vary by age, with specific onset peaks around ages 7 and 15.

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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Poly-victimization, defined as experiencing multiple types of victimization, affects a significant number of children.
  • Understanding the pathways leading to poly-victimization is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test a conceptual model identifying four distinct pathways to poly-victimization onset in children.
  • To examine age-related differences in these pathways and identify critical age periods for poly-victimization onset.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three waves of the Developmental Victimization Survey, a nationally representative sample of children aged 2-17.
  • Employed statistical analysis to assess the independent association of four hypothesized pathways with poly-victim onset.

Main Results:

  • All four pathways—dangerous community, dangerous family, chaotic multiproblem family, and emotional problems—were significantly associated with poly-victim onset.
  • For younger children, emotional problems were the primary predictor. For older children, community, family, and multiproblem family environments were significant predictors.
  • Poly-victimization onset peaked around ages 7 and 15, coinciding with transitions to elementary and high school.

Conclusions:

  • The identified pathways provide a framework for understanding and preventing poly-victimization.
  • Targeted interventions focusing on environmental and individual risk factors are needed.
  • Age-specific prevention programs, particularly around school entry ages, may be beneficial.