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Related Concept Videos

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Classification of Leukocytes01:30

Classification of Leukocytes

Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...

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Wild-type Blocking PCR Combined with Sanger Sequencing for Detection of Low-frequency Somatic Mutation
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Published on: August 23, 2024

Follicular lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation include two subtypes.

Joel F Gradowski1, Elaine S Jaffe, Roger A Warnke

  • 1Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc
|October 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study confirms follicular lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation are distinct entities. Genetic analysis reveals a clonal relationship between neoplastic lymphoid and plasma cells, suggesting unique diagnostic features.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Pathology

Background:

  • Follicular lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation have been described, but their distinctness from marginal zone or composite lymphomas remains uncertain.
  • Unique cytogenetic or molecular features of these lymphomas have not been definitively established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunophenotypic and cytogenetic characteristics of follicular lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation.
  • To determine the clonal relationship between neoplastic lymphoid and plasma cells in these cases.
  • To identify potential unique features that differentiate them from other lymphoma subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Fluorescence immunophenotypic analysis using CD138 antibody to identify plasma cells.
  • Interphase cytogenetic analysis with break-apart probes for BCL2, BCL6, IGH@, MALT1, and a centromeric probe for chromosome 12.
  • Analysis of 14 well-characterized follicular lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation.

Main Results:

  • CD10, BCL6, and BCL2 expression was observed in a high percentage of cases.
  • Cytogenetic abnormalities were identified in 12/14 cases, with identical abnormalities found in both plasmacytic and non-plasmacytic components.
  • BCL2 rearrangements were present in seven cases, and BCL6 rearrangement in two cases. The distribution of plasma cells correlated with the presence or absence of isolated BCL2 rearrangement.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the existence of bona fide follicular lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation.
  • A clonal relationship between neoplastic lymphoid and plasma cells is evident in most cases.
  • The differential distribution of plasma cells, particularly concerning BCL2 rearrangement, suggests distinct clinicopathological features that may overlap with marginal zone lymphomas.