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Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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RNA Editing

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

RNAi Interference by dsRNA Injection into Drosophila Embryos

RNAi Interference by dsRNA Injection into Drosophila Embryos

Published on: April 11, 2011

Letter to the editor: Does dicer expression affect shRNA processing?

Neil Senzer, Donald Rao, John Nemunaitis

Gene Regulation and Systems Biology

|October 20, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated Dicer and Drosha mRNA levels in ovarian cancer show conflicting results. Further research is needed to clarify their impact on patient survival and shRNA processing.

Keywords:

Drosha mRNA cancer dicer expression shRNA

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
RNA Interference

Background:

Dicer and Drosha mRNA levels are frequently elevated in various cancers, including ovarian carcinoma.
Previous studies found no correlation between these elevated levels and patient survival or shRNA processing.
A recent study by Merritt et al. reported contradictory findings in ovarian carcinoma patients.

Discussion:

Conflicting data exists regarding the clinical significance of Dicer and Drosha mRNA levels in ovarian cancer.
The discrepancy may stem from differences in study populations, methodologies, or specific cancer subtypes.
Investigating the precise role of these enzymes in tumorigenesis and response to therapy is crucial.

Key Insights:

Prior research indicated no link between elevated Dicer/Drosha mRNA and ovarian cancer patient outcomes.
New findings suggest a potential correlation, challenging existing understanding.
The functional impact of Dicer and Drosha on small hairpin RNA (shRNA) processing in cancer requires re-evaluation.

Outlook:

Further investigation is essential to reconcile conflicting findings on Dicer and Drosha in ovarian carcinoma.
Clarifying the prognostic and predictive value of these RNA processing enzymes is a key future direction.
Understanding their role may lead to novel therapeutic strategies targeting RNA interference pathways in cancer.