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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
07:52

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

Thyroid tissue analysis through Raman spectroscopy.

Caroline S B Teixeira1, Renata A Bitar, Herculano S Martinho

  • 1Universidade do Vale do Paraíba/Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento - Laboratório de Espectroscopia Vibracional Biomédica, Av.Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, CEP 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil. carolsbt@uol.com.br

The Analyst
|October 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy shows potential for diagnosing thyroid diseases by analyzing biochemical alterations in tissues. While distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid tissues showed promise, further research is needed for precise classification.

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Non-contact, Label-free Monitoring of Cells and Extracellular Matrix using Raman Spectroscopy
13:48

Non-contact, Label-free Monitoring of Cells and Extracellular Matrix using Raman Spectroscopy

Published on: May 29, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
07:52

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

Non-contact, Label-free Monitoring of Cells and Extracellular Matrix using Raman Spectroscopy
13:48

Non-contact, Label-free Monitoring of Cells and Extracellular Matrix using Raman Spectroscopy

Published on: May 29, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology has limitations in diagnosing thyroid pathologies, with reported sensitivities varying from 2-37%.
  • Optical spectroscopy offers a potential minimally invasive and non-destructive approach for thyroid disease characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate biochemical alterations in thyroid tissues and hormones (T3 and T4) using FT-Raman spectroscopy.
  • To assess the feasibility of FT-Raman spectroscopy for classifying different thyroid pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized FT-Raman spectroscopy to probe molecular vibrations in thyroid tissues.
  • Applied discriminative linear analysis to Raman spectra for classifying tissue groups: goitre adjacent tissue, goitre nodular region, follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, and papillary carcinoma.
  • Compared vibrational modes of thyroid hormones (T3, T4) with those of pathologic tissues.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 58.3% correct classification between goitre adjacent and nodular regions, indicating difficulty in distinguishing these.
  • Obtained a 64.9% correct classification for distinguishing goitre from papillary carcinoma.
  • Demonstrated a good classification (72.5%) between benign (goitre, follicular adenoma) and malignant (papillary, follicular carcinomas) thyroid tissues.
  • Observed similar vibrational modes between thyroid hormones and pathologic tissues.

Conclusions:

  • FT-Raman spectroscopy identified biochemical alterations in thyroid tissues that may aid in histologic group classification.
  • Further studies are required to overcome challenges in standardizing pathological group classification using this technique.