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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System01:16

Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System

The accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation include the epididymides, vasa deferentia, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra. These ducts play a critical role in the maturation, storage, and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
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Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
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Posterior urethral valves.

Steve J Hodges1, Bhavin Patel, Gordon McLorie

  • 1Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. shodges@wfubmc.edu

Thescientificworldjournal
|October 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posterior urethral valves are a common cause of infant urinary obstruction. Early diagnosis improves survival, but long-term kidney function remains a concern for affected male infants.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Congenital Abnormalities

Background:

  • Posterior urethral valves (PUV) represent the most frequent cause of lower urinary tract obstruction in male infants.
  • Neonatal mortality from PUV has decreased due to early diagnosis, intensive care, and prenatal ultrasound.
  • Prenatal hydronephrosis is now the primary indicator for diagnosing PUV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of early diagnosis and treatment on neonatal outcomes for posterior urethral valves.
  • To underscore the persistent challenges in long-term renal prognosis despite advances in neonatal care.
  • To identify future research directions for preventing and treating congenital posterior urethral obstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for posterior urethral valves.
  • Analysis of the impact of prenatal diagnosis and neonatal intervention on mortality rates.
  • Examination of long-term renal outcomes in surviving patients.

Main Results:

  • Early diagnosis and rapid intervention via catheterization and surgery significantly reduce infant mortality.
  • Despite improved survival, approximately 30% of children with PUV develop renal insufficiency before adolescence.
  • Prenatal diagnosis, often prompted by hydronephrosis, facilitates timely management.

Conclusions:

  • While neonatal mortality for posterior urethral valves has improved, long-term renal outcomes require further attention.
  • Future goals include understanding the etiology of PUV, preventing postnatal renal damage, and exploring prenatal treatment options.
  • Preventing bladder and kidney injury from obstructive uropathy remains a critical objective in managing pediatric posterior urethral valves.