[FTIR and XRD analysis studies of intercalation of kaolinite with benzamide]

Benzamide was intercalated into kaolinite by replacing DMSO pre-intercalated. Pure kaolinite-benzamide intercalation compounds were obtained by washing resulting products with acetone. The analysis of XRD shows that the basal spacing of kaolinite-benzamide intercalation compounds increased to 1.437 nm from 0.717 nm of kaolinite. The analysis of FTIR shows that intercalation caused the shifts of the inner surface OH stretching bands from 3 696 and 3 657 cm(-1) of the raw kaolinite to 3 701 and 3 651 cm(-1) of the kaolinite-benzamide intercalation compounds, respectively, and the blue shift of C=O stretching bands from 1 659 cm(-1) of benzamdie to 1 640 cm(-1) of the kaolinite-benzamide intercalation compounds, and the NH vibrations at 3 368 and 3 172 cm(-1) of benzamdie shifted to 3 474 and 3 184 cm(-1), respectively. These changes in IR bands implied the breaking of the H-bonds between layers of kaolinite and the formation of new H-bonds between the inner-surface hydroxyls of the kaolinite and the benzamide in the intercalation compounds. The experimental results show that the intercalation reaction comes to equilibrium rapidly during 30 min, and the highest intercalation ratio occurs when the reaction temperature is 180 degrees C. Washed by acetone, the residual benzamide and that adsorbed on the surface of the resulting products could be eliminated without significant influence on the structure of the intercalation compounds.