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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin or DPDPE for...
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management
09:03

Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management

Published on: March 28, 2025

The endocannabinoid system and pain.

Josée Guindon1, Andrea G Hohmann

  • 1Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3013, USA.

CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets
|October 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The endocannabinoid system, including anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, plays a key role in pain modulation. Targeting this system offers potential for novel pain relief therapies.

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Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
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Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management
09:03

Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management

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Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
02:26

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents

Published on: April 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and their endogenous ligands are found throughout the nervous system and periphery.
  • Cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids, modulate nociceptive processing and behavioral responses to pain.
  • Endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, are endogenous substances that regulate various physiological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in controlling nociceptive responses.
  • To emphasize the modulation of nociception by endocannabinoids at different neural levels.
  • To compare therapeutic strategies involving endocannabinoid system modulation for pain management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on endocannabinoid signaling and pain.
  • Analysis of studies investigating anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in nociception.
  • Comparison of effects from inhibiting endocannabinoid breakdown/reuptake versus exogenous cannabinoid administration.

Main Results:

  • Endocannabinoids modulate nociceptive responding at supraspinal, spinal, and peripheral levels.
  • Inhibition of endocannabinoid hydrolysis and uptake, and exogenous cannabinoid administration, show effects in acute, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain models.
  • The endocannabinoid signaling system is implicated in regulating pain perception and response.

Conclusions:

  • The endocannabinoid system, particularly anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, is a significant target for pain management.
  • Modulating endocannabinoid levels offers a promising avenue for developing novel pharmacotherapies for various pain conditions.
  • Further research into the endocannabinoid signaling system could lead to effective treatments for pain.