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Related Concept Videos

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
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Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
Role of Septins01:02

Role of Septins

Septins are the recently discovered fourth major protein component of the cytoskeleton, along with microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These proteins can associate with other cytoskeletal filaments and carry out varied roles or can be free-floating in the cytoplasm.
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Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Development of an Insert Co-culture System of Two Cellular Types in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact
11:29

Development of an Insert Co-culture System of Two Cellular Types in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact

Published on: July 17, 2016

Cytokines and CNS development.

Benjamin E Deverman1, Paul H Patterson

  • 1Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard M/C 216-76, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Neuron
|October 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal infection or prenatal hypoxia can affect fetal neurodevelopment. Cytokine signaling pathways are crucial for nervous system development and function later in life.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Development of an Insert Co-culture System of Two Cellular Types in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact
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Published on: March 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cytokines are signaling proteins involved in immune responses and normal cell communication.
  • Maternal infection or prenatal hypoxia can disrupt fetal neurodevelopment due to cytokine dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the neurodevelopmental roles of cytokine signaling pathways.
  • To emphasize in vivo studies altering cytokine signaling components.

Main Methods:

  • Review of gain- and loss-of-function studies.
  • Focus on in vivo experiments modifying cytokines, receptors, or signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Cytokine signaling is essential for normal nervous system development.
  • Altered cytokine signaling during fetal development impacts later-life nervous system function and behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Proper cytokine signaling is critical for neurodevelopment.
  • Understanding cytokine roles in fetal development is key to addressing later-life neurological and behavioral outcomes.