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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

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Related Experiment Video

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In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-&#946;-containing Protocol
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In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

Runx proteins regulate Foxp3 expression.

Ludovica Bruno1, Luca Mazzarella, Maarten Hoogenkamp

  • 1Lymphocyte Development Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, England, UK.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Runx proteins are crucial for T cell development and Foxp3 gene expression. These proteins form a feed-forward loop with Foxp3, regulating T helper cell differentiation and function.

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In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
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In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-&#946;-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
08:02

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

Published on: January 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Runx proteins are vital for hematopoiesis and T cell development.
  • Regulatory T (T reg) cells rely on the transcription factor Foxp3.
  • Foxp3 interacts with other DNA-binding proteins, including Runx, in T reg cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Runx proteins in the initiation and maintenance of Foxp3 gene expression.
  • To elucidate the regulatory relationship between Runx and Foxp3 in CD4 T cells.
  • To understand the cooperative function of Runx and Foxp3 in T helper cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Foxp3 gene expression during T reg cell differentiation.
  • Overexpression of full-length Runx and dominant-negative Runx Runt domain.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation to assess Runx/core-binding factor beta binding to the Foxp3 locus.

Main Results:

  • Runx proteins promote de novo Foxp3 expression during inducible T reg cell differentiation.
  • A dominant-negative Runx Runt domain inhibits de novo Foxp3 expression.
  • Foxp3 expression in natural T reg cells is dependent on Runx, with correlated binding of Runx/core-binding factor beta to the Foxp3 locus.
  • Runx and Foxp3 form a feed-forward regulatory loop.

Conclusions:

  • Runx proteins are essential regulators of Foxp3 gene expression initiation and maintenance in CD4 T cells.
  • Runx proteins cooperate with Foxp3 to control the expression of downstream target genes, impacting T helper cell specialization.
  • The findings reveal a feed-forward mechanism involving Runx and Foxp3 in T reg cell biology.