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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

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Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
10:10

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

Published on: November 8, 2016

Stem cells--meet immunity.

Tracy S P Heng1, Jarrod A Dudakov, Danika M P Khong

  • 1Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.

Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)
|October 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell therapies offer hope for tissue repair, but immune rejection remains a major challenge. Overcoming this hurdle through immune tolerance strategies is key to realizing the full potential of stem cell treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types, showing promise for treating irreversible tissue damage.
  • Immune rejection of transplanted stem cells is a significant obstacle to clinical applications.
  • Current immunosuppressive drugs have limitations and side effects with prolonged use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenge of immune rejection in stem cell therapies.
  • To explore strategies for overcoming immunological barriers to stem cell transplantation.
  • To advance the clinical viability of stem cell-derived treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current stem cell differentiation capabilities.
  • Analysis of immunological challenges in stem cell transplantation.
  • Evaluation of immunosuppressive drug efficacy and limitations.
  • Exploration of immunological tolerance induction strategies.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell differentiation holds therapeutic potential for various conditions.
  • Immune rejection is a primary barrier to successful stem cell therapies.
  • Prolonged immunosuppression poses significant health risks.
  • Specific immunological tolerance strategies are crucial for therapeutic success.

Conclusions:

  • Developing methods to induce specific immunological tolerance is essential.
  • Enhancing immune function alongside tolerance induction will improve outcomes.
  • These strategies are vital for bringing stem cell therapies closer to clinical reality.