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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

Understanding how miRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression.

Marc R Fabian1, Thomas R Sundermeier, Nahum Sonenberg

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3G 1A1, Canada. marc.fabian@mcgill.ca

Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology
|October 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by silencing genes after transcription. Understanding these complex mechanisms, including GW182 protein involvement, is crucial for grasping gene regulation in eukaryotes.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
06:16

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs
11:00

Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs

Published on: June 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing is a key post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism.
  • miRNAs are involved in numerous fundamental cellular processes, highlighting their regulatory importance.
  • Despite identified miRNAs and targets, the precise mechanisms of miRNA action require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation in eukaryotes.
  • To detail how miRNAs control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.
  • To investigate the role of GW182 family proteins in miRNA function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on miRNA biogenesis and function.
  • Analysis of studies investigating miRNA-target interactions.
  • Examination of experimental evidence for miRNA-mediated translational inhibition and mRNA destabilization.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs regulate gene expression via translational inhibition and mRNA destabilization.
  • GW182 family proteins are implicated as central mediators of many miRNA effects.
  • Multiple, potentially overlapping, pathways contribute to miRNA regulatory functions.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of miRNA mechanisms is essential for deciphering gene expression regulation.
  • The intricate interplay of miRNAs and proteins like GW182 shapes cellular processes.
  • Further research into these mechanisms will advance our knowledge of eukaryotic gene control.