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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate
11:57

Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate

Published on: September 13, 2019

Simple tests for the validation of multiple field spin relaxation data.

Sébastien Morin1, Stéphane M Gagné

  • 1Département de Biochimie et de Microbiologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. sebastien.morin.1@ulaval.ca

Journal of Biomolecular NMR
|October 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces simple validation tests to ensure consistency in (15)N spin relaxation data collected at multiple magnetic fields. Implementing these routine checks in the relax software can improve the accuracy of protein dynamics analysis.

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NMR 15N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins
09:25

NMR 15N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins

Published on: November 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Structural Biology
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, specifically (15)N spin relaxation, is crucial for protein dynamics studies.
  • The Lipari-Szabo model-free approach is commonly used for analyzing relaxation data, but complex models require multi-field datasets.
  • Inconsistencies between datasets acquired at different magnetic fields can introduce artifacts, hindering accurate analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate simple tests for assessing the consistency of multi-field (15)N spin relaxation datasets.
  • To demonstrate the impact of dataset inconsistencies on dynamics analysis.
  • To promote the routine use of these validation tests for improved data quality.

Main Methods:

  • Development of simple validation tests for multi-field NMR relaxation data consistency.
  • Generation of synthetic data to evaluate the effect of inconsistencies on proposed tests.
  • Analysis of existing (15)N spin relaxation data from the Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank (BMRB).
  • Implementation of validation tests within the open-source software 'relax'.

Main Results:

  • Synthetic data analysis confirmed that inconsistencies significantly affect relaxation data interpretation.
  • Analysis of BMRB data revealed potential inconsistencies in existing datasets.
  • The proposed tests effectively identify inconsistencies arising from experimental setup variations.
  • The validation tests are now integrated into the 'relax' software package.

Conclusions:

  • Routine application of the proposed validation tests is recommended before analyzing multi-field (15)N spin relaxation data.
  • These tests facilitate the identification and mitigation of artifacts caused by experimental inconsistencies.
  • Implementing these checks will enhance the reliability and quality of extracted protein dynamics information.