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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light
09:19

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light

Published on: July 29, 2013

High second-order nonlinearities in poled silicate fibers.

P G Kazansky, L Dong, P S Russell

    Optics Letters
    |October 22, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers achieved record quadratic nonlinearities in poled germanosilicate fibers, ~200 times greater than previous results. Germanium doping significantly boosts poling efficiency in silica-based optical fibers.

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear optics
    • Materials science
    • Optical fiber technology

    Background:

    • Silica-based optical fibers are crucial for nonlinear optical applications.
    • Achieving high quadratic nonlinearities is essential for efficient frequency conversion and other nonlinear processes.
    • Previous poling techniques in silica fibers yielded limited nonlinear coefficients.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report unprecedented effective quadratic nonlinearities in poled germanosilicate fibers.
    • To investigate the role of germanium (Ge) in enhancing poling efficacy.
    • To compare the effectiveness of different poling methods in Ge-doped fibers.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of germanosilicate fibers.
    • Poling of fibers using thermal poling (with OH doping) and electron-beam poling.

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    Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

    Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light
    09:19

    Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light

    Published on: July 29, 2013

    Fabrication and Characterization of High-Q Silicon Nitride Membrane Resonators
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    09:43

    Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

    Published on: August 13, 2019

  • Characterization of effective quadratic nonlinearities (d_eff) using standard measurement techniques.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved effective quadratic nonlinearities as high as 0.2 picometers per volt (pm/V).
    • This represents an improvement of approximately 200 times compared to previously reported values in similar fibers.
    • Demonstrated that germanium doping enhances the efficacy of both thermal and electron-beam poling in silica.

    Conclusions:

    • Germanosilicate fibers offer a promising platform for achieving high nonlinear optical coefficients.
    • Germanium doping is a key factor in significantly improving poling efficiency in silica fibers.
    • The reported nonlinearities pave the way for advanced nonlinear optical devices and applications.