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Related Concept Videos

Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
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Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina

Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
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Lysosomal Hydrolases

Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments

Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
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Lumber Defects01:23

Lumber Defects

Lumber defects, which can affect both the appearance and structural integrity of wood, include a variety of growth and manufacturing flaws. Growth defects such as knots and knotholes occur where branches were once attached to the tree trunk, with knotholes forming when these knots fall out. Other natural defects include decay and insect damage, which compromise the wood's strength and durability.
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Laccases: a never-ending story.

Paola Giardina1, Vincenza Faraco, Cinzia Pezzella

  • 1Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy. giardina@unina.it

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|October 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This review examines recent studies on fungal laccases (benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductases), focusing on their structure, catalytic mechanisms, and expression. It explores their potential for biotechnological applications due to their broad substrate range.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Laccases (benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductases, EC 1.10.3.2) are multicopper oxidases found in fungi.
  • They play diverse physiological roles and possess a broad substrate range, making them attractive for biotechnology.
  • Their catalytic activity involves oxidizing aromatic substrates and reducing oxygen to water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding laccase structural features and catalytic mechanisms.
  • To analyze laccase gene expression patterns in fungi.
  • To explore structure-function relationships and unique enzyme properties.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on laccase structure, function, and expression.
  • Analysis of fungal laccase multigene families and their organization.
  • Examination of enzymes with unique characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies provide insights into laccase structural intricacies and catalytic pathways.
  • Expression analyses reveal diverse regulation of laccase genes in fungi.
  • The review highlights the potential of fungal laccases in various biotechnological applications.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding laccase structure-function relationships is crucial for optimizing their biotechnological utility.
  • Fungal laccases represent a versatile group of enzymes with significant industrial potential.
  • Further research into laccase multigene families can unlock novel applications.