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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A High-Throughput In Situ Method for Estimation of Hepatocyte Nuclear Ploidy in Mice

A High-Throughput In Situ Method for Estimation of Hepatocyte Nuclear Ploidy in Mice

Published on: April 19, 2020

An efficient high-throughput flow cytometric method for estimating DNA ploidy level in plants.

A Cousin¹, K Heel, W A Cowling

¹Canola Breeders Western Australia Pty Ltd, Perth, Australia.

Cytometry. Part a : the Journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology

|October 22, 2009

Summary

We developed a fast flow cytometry method for plant ploidy discrimination. This technique efficiently analyzes 192 samples in 6 hours, aiding doubled haploid breeding programs.

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Measuring Endoreduplication by Flow Cytometry of Isolated Tuber Protoplasts

Measuring Endoreduplication by Flow Cytometry of Isolated Tuber Protoplasts

Published on: March 9, 2018

Area of Science:

Plant Science
Genetics
Biotechnology

Background:

Ploidy determination is crucial for plant breeding.
Existing methods can be time-consuming and labor-intensive.
High-throughput methods are needed for efficient genetic programs.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an efficient, high-throughput flow cytometric method for rapid plant ploidy discrimination.
To optimize sample preparation and analysis for large numbers of plant samples.
To demonstrate the utility of the method in doubled haploid breeding programs.

Main Methods:

A novel flow cytometry protocol using bead-beating for nuclei release from leaf tissue.
Processing of 192 samples in 96-well plates using multichannel pipetting.
DNA staining with propidium iodide and analysis on a BD FACS-Canto II flow cytometer with a plate loader.

Main Results:

The method processed 192 leaf tissue samples from Brassica napus L. in 6 hours.
Ploidy discrimination was successful in 98.4% of samples with high resolution.
Coefficient of Variation (CV) values ranged from 2.98% to 6.20% (average 4.35%).

Conclusions:

This high-throughput flow cytometry method offers rapid and accurate ploidy discrimination in plants.
The technique significantly improves operational efficiencies in doubled haploid plant breeding.
Potential for further refinement, including robotic sample processing, exists.