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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

Parvovirus PARV4 visualization and detection.

Philip W Tuke¹, Ruth P Parry, Hazel Appleton

¹Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, Virus Reference Department, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK.

The Journal of General Virology

|October 23, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) was detected in blood samples using quantitative PCR. Native PARV4 particles were visualized in high-titer plasma, confirming its presence in humans.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a recently identified member of the Parvoviridae family with a human host.
Understanding PARV4 prevalence and characteristics is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a method for detecting PARV4 in human blood.
To investigate the prevalence of PARV4 in various population groups.
To visualize native PARV4 particles.

Main Methods:

Quantitative TaqMan PCR was developed to detect PARV4 DNA in plasma, sera, and whole blood.
Indirect immunofluorescence was used to identify PARV4 antibodies.
Immune electron microscopy was employed to visualize native PARV4 particles.

Main Results:

Eight samples tested positive for PARV4, with one sample showing a high viral load (approximately 5 x 10^8 genome equivalents/ml).
Native PARV4 particles were successfully visualized in high-titer human plasma using immune electron microscopy.
PARV4 antibodies were detected in two human serum samples.

Conclusions:

The study successfully developed and validated a quantitative PCR assay for PARV4 detection in human blood.
PARV4 was confirmed to be present in human populations, with evidence of viremia.
This research provides the first visualization of native PARV4 particles in human plasma.