Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Role of Polyunsaturated Fat in Modifying Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Family History of Cardiovascular Disease: Pooled De Novo Results From 15 Observational Studies.

Circulation·2023

Same author

APOE ε4 and late-life cognition: mediation by structural brain imaging markers.

European journal of epidemiology·2022

Same author

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Nature genetics·2022

Same author

Correction: Association of low-frequency and rare coding variants with information processing speed.

Translational psychiatry·2022

Same author

Creativity, leisure activities, social engagement and cognitive impairment: the AGES-Reykjavík study.

Aging clinical and experimental research·2022

Same author

Circulating serum microRNAs including senescent miR-31-5p are associated with incident fragility fractures in older postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Bone·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Published on: March 11, 2021

Ventricular dilation: association with gait and cognition.

Walter M Palm¹, Jane S Saczynski, J van der Grond

¹Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.

Annals of Neurology

|October 23, 2009

Summary

Increased ventricular dilation relative to sulcal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume is linked to gait and cognitive impairments in older adults without stroke. This finding highlights a potential imaging biomarker for neurological decline.

More Related Videos

Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults

Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults

Published on: November 7, 2014

Walk with Me Hybrid Virtual/In-Person Walking for Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disease

Walk with Me Hybrid Virtual/In-Person Walking for Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: June 16, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Published on: March 11, 2021

Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults

Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults

Published on: November 7, 2014

Walk with Me Hybrid Virtual/In-Person Walking for Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disease

Walk with Me Hybrid Virtual/In-Person Walking for Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: June 16, 2023

Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroimaging
Geriatrics

Background:

Normal pressure hydrocephalus presents with gait, cognitive, and urinary issues, often linked to enlarged ventricles.
Investigating ventricular dilation relative to sulcal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume offers insights into neurological changes in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the relationship between ventricular volume and sulcal CSF volume.
To determine the association of disproportionate ventricular dilation with gait, cognitive, and urinary function in a stroke-free elderly cohort.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 858 elderly participants from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study.
Assessment of gait speed, cognitive function (processing speed, memory, executive function), and bladder function.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for semiautomated segmentation of CSF volumes and assessment of white matter hyperintensity (WMH).
Calculation of ventricular volume divided by sulcal CSF volume (VV/SV) ratio.

Main Results:

A disproportionate increase in ventricular volume relative to sulcal CSF volume (highest VV/SV quartile) was associated with gait impairment (OR, 1.9) and cognitive impairment (OR, 1.8).
No significant association was found between the VV/SV ratio and bladder dysfunction.
These associations were independent of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume.

Conclusions:

Ventricular dilation, relative to sulcal CSF spaces, is associated with increased prevalence and severity of gait and cognitive impairments in the general elderly population without a history of stroke.
The VV/SV ratio may serve as a potential imaging marker for age-related neurological decline, distinct from WMH burden.