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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Pharynx01:20

Pharynx

The pharynx, a tubular structure framed by skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membrane, extends continuously from the nasal cavities. It is segmented into three major areas: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx
The nasopharynx, bordered by the conchae of the nasal cavity, serves exclusively as an air conduit. In its superior region, the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids are located. These tonsils are clusters of lymphoid reticular tissue akin to a lymph node. The precise...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

The Flexible Rhino-Laryngoscope for Awake Nasotracheal Intubation
03:58

The Flexible Rhino-Laryngoscope for Awake Nasotracheal Intubation

Published on: August 2, 2024

Hypopharyngeal foreign body masquerading as malignancy.

I Rana1, M I Syed, C Adams

  • 1Senior House Officer in Otolaryngology, Southern General Hospital, Greater Glasgow & Clyde NHS trust, Glasgow, G51 3PZ.

British Dental Journal
|October 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Foreign body ingestion, often a dental plate, can mimic hypopharyngeal malignancy. Dentists and ENT specialists should consider this possibility, even without a clear history, for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

The Flexible Rhino-Laryngoscope for Awake Nasotracheal Intubation
03:58

The Flexible Rhino-Laryngoscope for Awake Nasotracheal Intubation

Published on: August 2, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Dentistry
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Foreign body ingestion is a frequent emergency in dental and ENT settings.
  • Typically, patients provide a clear history, identify the object, and seek immediate care.

Observation:

  • An unusual case involved an elderly patient with a six-month history of progressive dysphagia.
  • Initial investigations suggested hypopharyngeal malignancy.
  • A biopsy revealed a dental plate, not a tumor.

Findings:

  • Pharyngeal foreign bodies can present insidiously, mimicking malignancy.
  • A lack of positive ingestion history does not rule out foreign body presence.
  • Dysphagia can be a key symptom of retained foreign objects.

Implications:

  • Otolaryngologists and dentists must consider foreign bodies in dysphagia cases, especially when malignancy is suspected.
  • Screening for denture use and dental examination are crucial in evaluating dysphagia.
  • Incorporating radiopaque materials in dental prosthetics could aid future detection.