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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

Self-reported cognitive inconsistency in older adults.

Susan Vanderhill¹, David F Hultsch, Michael A Hunter

¹Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. susan.vanderhill@aya.yale.edu

Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition

|October 24, 2009

Summary

Older adults

Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Gerontology
Clinical neuropsychology

Background:

Metacognition, or insight into one's cognitive abilities, is crucial in developmental psychology.
Memory complaints in older adults are linked to impending dementia.
Cognitive inconsistency is an emerging marker for dementia, but self-perceptions of this inconsistency remain unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate older adults' self-perceptions of cognitive inconsistency.
To develop and validate a self-report measure for everyday cognitive inconsistency.
To examine the relationship between perceived cognitive inconsistency and various health and cognitive factors.

Main Methods:

Ninety-four community-dwelling older adults (aged 70-91) participated.

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A novel 40-item self-report questionnaire assessed perceived cognitive inconsistency (past, present, and 5-year change).

Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated, and associations with demographic, metacognitive, and neuropsychological measures were analyzed.

Main Results:

The self-report measure demonstrated acceptable psychometric characteristics.
Participants reported an increase in perceived cognitive inconsistency over time.
Higher current inconsistency and greater increase in inconsistency correlated with older age, poorer health, depression, poorer self-rated memory, and worse neuropsychological performance, including memory decline.

Conclusions:

Self-perceived cognitive inconsistency in older adults is a measurable construct.
Perceived cognitive inconsistency is associated with various indicators of cognitive aging and decline.
Self-perceived inconsistency may serve as a relevant clinical marker for evaluating memory disorders in older adults.