Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...

Intelligence

Intelligence

The term "intelligence" is complex because it refers to both behavior and individuals, and its interpretation varies across cultures. European Americans tend to link intelligence with reasoning and cognitive skills, while in Kenya, it is tied to responsible participation in family and social life. In Uganda, intelligence is seen as the ability to know the right actions and carry them out effectively, while the Iatmul people of Papua New Guinea associate it with the capacity to remember detailed...

The Role of Culture

The Role of Culture

Culture plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and influencing thought and behavior, a foundational interest within social psychology. The multicultural perspective recognizes that individuals do not exist in a vacuum; instead, their experiences, perceptions, and actions are deeply influenced by the intersecting dimensions of their cultural, ethnic, and social group affiliations.Cultural Influence on Self-Identity and Social PerceptionCultural frameworks inform how individuals define...

Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.

Fundamental Attribution Error

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Reliability and validity of a quick test of cognitive speed (AQT) in screening for mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

BMC geriatrics·2021

Same author

Differentiating depression and ADHD without depression in adults with processing-speed measures.

Acta neuropsychiatrica·2020

Same author

Methylphenidate effects on processing speed in a clinical sample of adults with ADHD and substance use disorder: a pilot study.

Nordic journal of psychiatry·2019

Same author

Processing speed can monitor stimulant-medication effects in adults with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity.

Nordic journal of psychiatry·2017

Same author

Stroop interference and AQT cognitive speed may play complementary roles in differentiating dementias with frontal and posterior lesions.

Community mental health journal·2014

Same author

A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed: norm-referenced criteria for 121 Italian adults aged 45 to 90 years.

International psychogeriatrics·2014

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

Multicultural issues in test interpretation.

Henriette W Langdon¹, Elisabeth H Wiig

¹Communicative Disorders and Sciences, Connie L. Lurie College of Education, San José State University, San José, California 95192-0079, USA. Henriette.Langdon@sjsu.edu

Seminars in Speech and Language

|October 24, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Developing ideal language assessments for bilingual individuals is challenging due to a lack of criteria and limited educational access. Speech-language pathologists must use existing tools equitably to assess communication skills effectively.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

Area of Science:

Speech-Language Pathology
Linguistics
Educational Psychology

Background:

Assessing language and learning disabilities in non-English speakers is hindered by a lack of standardized identification criteria.
Limited access to general education in many non-English speaking countries exacerbates this issue.
Spanish speakers form the largest first-language group among English-language learners (ELLs) in the United States.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify challenges in designing language assessments for non-English speakers.
To review existing assessment tools for Spanish-speaking individuals in the U.S.
To provide guidance for developing equitable language assessment tools.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on language assessment for bilingual populations.
Analysis of assessment approaches for monolingual and bilingual English-Spanish speakers.
Discussion of tests assessing first language (L1) and second language (L2) using single or multiple test versions.

Main Results:

No single test perfectly assesses bilingual communication skills.
Existing tests for Spanish-English bilinguals vary in their approach to L1 and L2 assessment.
Guidance is offered for creating new assessment tools for diverse linguistic groups.

Conclusions:

The ideal language test for bilinguals does not exist, similar to monolingual speakers.
Speech-language pathologists require training to use assessment tools effectively and equitably.
Effective assessment necessitates understanding the limitations of current tools and adapting them for diverse populations.