Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.

Basic Plant Anatomy: Roots, Stems, and Leaves

Basic Plant Anatomy: Roots, Stems, and Leaves

The primary organs of vascular plants are roots, stems, and leaves, but these structures can be highly variable, adapted for the specific needs and environment of different plant species.

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.

Meristems and Plant Growth

Meristems and Plant Growth

Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the atmosphere, the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The coupling of local and global growth patterns governs leaf morphogenesis.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026

Same author

ChronoRoot 2.0: an open AI-powered platform for 2D temporal plant phenotyping.

GigaScience·2026

Same author

Subunit 3 of the SUPERKILLER complex mediates microRNA172-directed cleavage of Nodule Number Control 1 in Medicago truncatula.

Plant physiology·2025

Same author

Developmental rewiring of the NGAL/CUC/KLU network associated with pleiotropic roles of NGAL genes.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2025

Same author

From non-coding to chromatin regulators: VIVIpary and the rise of lncRNAs in plant biology.

Molecular plant·2025

Same author

Arabidopsis SGS3 is recruited to chromatin by CHR11 to select RNA that initiate siRNA production.

Nature communications·2025

Same journal

Living sensors: Engineering plants to sense and report on their environments.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026

Same journal

Connecting the dots in plant metabolism: Isotopic labeling and metabolic flux analysis.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026

Same journal

Seeds in suspension: Cell type-specific control of seed dormancy and germination initiation.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026

Same journal

Amino acid sensing and signaling in plants.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026

Same journal

No energy, no defense: Metabolic input shapes defense signaling.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026

Same journal

Bridging paradoxes in recombination at NLR cluster: A structural genomics perspective.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Whole-mount Clearing and Staining of Arabidopsis Flower Organs and Siliques

Whole-mount Clearing and Staining of Arabidopsis Flower Organs and Siliques

Published on: April 12, 2018

Leaf development: what it needs to be complex.

Thomas Blein¹, Alice Hasson, Patrick Laufs

¹Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut Jean Pierre Bourgin, INRA, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

|October 27, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Compound leaf development relies on maintaining indeterminate growth and generating new axes. Auxin gradients and NAM/CUC3 genes pattern leaflets, revealing molecular insights into leaf shape evolution.

More Related Videos

Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

Published on: September 22, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Whole-mount Clearing and Staining of Arabidopsis Flower Organs and Siliques

Whole-mount Clearing and Staining of Arabidopsis Flower Organs and Siliques

Published on: April 12, 2018

Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

Plant developmental biology
Molecular genetics
Evolutionary botany

Background:

Compound leaf formation requires transient indeterminacy and new growth axes for leaflets.
KNOXI homeodomain factors are key regulators of indeterminacy in compound leaf development.
Leaflet patterning involves auxin gradients and NAM/CUC3 boundary genes.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate multi-layered mechanisms controlling compound leaf development.
To identify novel factors involved in leaflet patterning and individualization.
To provide a foundation for comparative studies on leaf shape evolution.

Main Methods:

Analysis of KNOXI homeodomain factor activities.
Investigating the role of auxin gradients in leaflet patterning.
Studying the contribution of NAM/CUC3 boundary genes.

Main Results:

Revealed multi-layered mechanisms controlling KNOXI factors in compound leaf development.
Demonstrated the involvement of auxin gradients and NAM/CUC3 genes in leaflet patterning.
Identified novel molecular actors governing compound leaf development.

Conclusions:

The study deepens understanding of compound leaf development.
Novel genetic and hormonal factors are identified.
Opens avenues for research into the molecular basis of leaf shape evolution.