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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care evaluation by...
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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...

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Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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Published on: January 12, 2019

Developing outcome measures for paediatric rheumatic diseases.

Hermine I Brunner1, Angelo Ravelli

  • 1Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, William Rowe Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. hermine.brunner@cchmc.org

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|October 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review outlines developing and validating outcome measures for pediatric rheumatic diseases. It details methods for creating reliable and valid assessment tools for conditions like juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pediatrics
  • Health Outcomes Research

Background:

  • Assessing pediatric rheumatic diseases requires robust outcome measures.
  • Existing measures may not fully capture disease state and progression.
  • Standardized tools are crucial for clinical trials and patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a theoretical framework for developing outcome measures in pediatric rheumatic diseases.
  • To review newly developed and validated outcome measures for these conditions.
  • To guide researchers and clinicians in selecting and utilizing appropriate assessment tools.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scale development methodologies.
  • Description of item generation, reduction, reliability, and validation processes.
  • Synthesis of newly developed outcome measures and their validation status.

Main Results:

  • Detailed theoretical approach to outcome measure development.
  • Overview of various outcome measures including disease activity scores, functional assessments, and quality of life tools.
  • Discussion on the validation status of different measures for specific pediatric rheumatic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized and validated outcome measures are essential for pediatric rheumatic diseases research and care.
  • The review provides a comprehensive guide to developing and applying these measures.
  • Further development and validation are ongoing for various disease-specific tools.