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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits
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Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits

Published on: January 8, 2020

[Basedow exophthalmos].

S Morax1, I Badelon

  • 1Fondation A. de Rothschild, Service de Chirurgie Plastique Reconstructive Orbito-palpébrale-Neuro-ophtalmologie, 75940 Paris, France. vdauvin@fo-rothschild.fr

Journal Francais D'Ophtalmologie
|October 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dysthyroid orbitopathy, an inflammatory eye disease, causes proptosis and vision issues. Treatment ranges from observation for mild cases to steroids, radiotherapy, or surgery for severe forms.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology

Context:

  • Dysthyroid orbitopathy (DO) is an edematous and inflammatory condition affecting the eye socket.
  • It is characterized by proptosis (bulging eyes), lid retraction, strabismus, and potentially vision-threatening complications like optic neuropathy.

Purpose:

  • To outline the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management strategies for dysthyroid orbitopathy.
  • To highlight the importance of assessing disease activity for appropriate treatment selection.

Summary:

  • Proptosis is the hallmark sign, often bilateral and axial, resulting from orbital tissue infiltration and expansion.
  • Management varies from watchful waiting for mild cases to systemic steroids for active inflammation, radiotherapy, and surgical interventions like orbital decompression for severe or sight-threatening conditions.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of dysthyroid orbitopathy for clinicians.
  • Informs treatment decisions, aiming to preserve vision and improve quality of life for affected individuals.