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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Increased oral nitric oxide in obstructive sleep apnoea.

Beatrice Culla1, Giuseppe Guida, Luisa Brussino

  • 1Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine V, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.

Respiratory Medicine
|October 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Oral nitric oxide (oNO) is significantly elevated in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients and correlates with airway obstruction severity. This finding highlights oral inflammation

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to airway inflammation from hypoxia and mechanical trauma.
  • Exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is an established marker for airway inflammation in OSA.
  • Oral nitric oxide (oNO) is proposed as a novel marker for oropharyngeal inflammation in OSA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate oral nitric oxide (oNO) levels in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.
  • To compare oNO and FENO levels between OSA patients and other respiratory conditions.
  • To explore the relationship between oNO and OSA severity metrics.

Main Methods:

  • A specialized device was used to measure oral nitric oxide (oNO).
  • oNO and FENO levels were compared in 39 OSA patients, 26 mild asthmatics, 15 chronic rhinosinusitis patients, and 24 healthy controls.
  • Polysomnography data, including apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen saturation, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Oral nitric oxide (oNO) was significantly higher in OSA patients (104.2 ppb) compared to asthmatics (71.9 ppb), CRS patients (54.4 ppb), and healthy subjects (63.6 ppb).
  • oNO levels showed a positive correlation with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and minutes with oxygen saturation below 90%, and a negative correlation with nadir SaO2.
  • FENO levels were highest in asthmatics and only slightly elevated in OSA and CRS patients.

Conclusions:

  • Increased oral nitric oxide (oNO) in OSA patients is linked to upper airway obstruction and hypoxemia.
  • Oral inflammation plays a significant clinical and pathogenic role in obstructive sleep apnea.
  • oNO measurement offers a potential new biomarker for assessing oropharyngeal inflammation in OSA.