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Molds, mycotoxins, and sick building syndrome
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA. david.straus@ttuhsc.edu
Toxicology and Industrial Health
|October 27, 2009
Summary
Molds like Stachybotrys chartarum (SC) and Penicillium chrysogenum (PC) contribute to sick building syndrome (SBS) by spreading toxic mycotoxins. These mycotoxins remain viable and airborne, leading to allergic reactions and detectable levels in exposed individuals.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Toxicology
- Mycology
Background:
- Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is a significant health concern linked to indoor environments.
- Molds produce mycotoxins that can impact human health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review research on the role of molds and their mycotoxins in SBS.
- To investigate the dissemination and toxicity of mycotoxins from Stachybotrys chartarum (SC) and Penicillium chrysogenum (PC).
Main Methods:
- Assessed mycotoxin (macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins - MTM) dissociation from SC.
- Evaluated viability of SC and PC colonies and MTM toxicity over time.
- Investigated airborne MTM dissemination from SC.
- Detected MTM in sera of individuals exposed to SC.
Main Results:
- MTM from SC readily dissociate and spread with water events.
- SC and PC colonies remain viable and MTM remain toxic long after water removal.
- Inhaled PC releases protease allergens causing lung inflammation in mice.
- Airborne MTM from SC were detected in laboratory and real-world SBS-associated buildings.
- MTM were statistically significantly detected in sera of SC-exposed individuals.
Conclusions:
- SC and PC molds pose a significant risk in indoor environments.
- Airborne MTM from SC contribute to SBS symptoms.
- Exposure to SC can lead to measurable MTM in human sera.
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