Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Exploring Unexplained Gaps: Prospective Observational Cohort Study of Factors Influencing Core Surgical Training Success.

Journal of surgical education·2026

Same author

Correlation of Electrical Impedance and Evoked Potentials With Properties of the Electrode Interface Using in Situ Block-Face Imaging of the Rat Pelvic Nerve.

Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society·2025

Same author

A Critical Analysis of Transformational Leadership and How It Can Improve Culture and Service Outcomes Within the Health Care System.

Journal of patient safety·2025

Same author

Meta-analysis of the optimal needle length and decompression site for tension pneumothorax and consensus recommendations on current ATLS and ETC guidelines.

World journal of emergency surgery : WJES·2025

Same author

Unrestrained MyD88 Signaling in A20-Deficient Keratinocytes Triggers T-Cell-Dependent Psoriatic Arthritis-Like Disease.

The Journal of investigative dermatology·2025

Same author

Formulating Mechanically Robust Composite Restorative Materials for High Performance.

Journal of functional biomaterials·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

(Meth)Acrylate Vinyl Ester Hybrid Polymerizations.

Taiyeon Lee¹, Neil Cramer, Charles Hoyle

¹University of Colorado, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Boulder, CO 80309.

Journal of Polymer Science. Part A, Polymer Chemistry

|October 27, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study synthesized vinyl ester monomers and investigated their copolymerization. Vinyl esters enhanced polymerization rates and conversions in both acrylate and methacrylate systems, leading to polymerization-induced phase separation.

More Related Videos

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Organic Synthesis
Materials Science

Background:

Vinyl ester monomers were synthesized via amine-catalyzed Michael addition.
Copolymerization behavior of vinyl ester systems with acrylates and methacrylates was investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize novel vinyl ester monomers.
To study the copolymerization kinetics and resulting material properties.
To explore polymerization-induced phase separation.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of vinyl ester monomers using multifunctional thiols and vinyl acrylate.
Copolymerization studies using near-infrared spectroscopy.
Observation of polymerization-induced phase separation.

Main Results:

Vinyl ester incorporation enhanced acrylate and methacrylate polymerization rates and conversions.
Distinct polymerization regimes observed in methacrylate/vinyl ester systems.
Polymerization-induced phase separation observed with hydrophilic vinyl ester and hydrophobic methacrylate monomers, forming ~1 micrometer domains.

Conclusions:

Vinyl ester monomers can significantly improve polymerization kinetics and monomer conversion.
The copolymerization behavior allows for controlled material properties and morphology.
Phase separation can be tuned by adjusting polymerization rates.