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Related Concept Videos

Increasing Function01:18

Increasing Function

An increasing function exhibits a rise in output values as input values increase. This behavior is depicted graphically as a curve or line that slopes upward from left to right. Such a function satisfies the condition that if x1 < x2, then f(x1) < f(x2), indicating that the function values grow with increasing inputs. This concept is fundamental in understanding growth trends across various domains, such as population dynamics, financial investments, or resource consumption.The average...
RMS Value in AC Circuit01:13

RMS Value in AC Circuit

The root mean square (RMS) value is a measure of the effective or average value of an alternating current (AC) waveform. In AC circuits, the voltage or current waveform constantly changes direction and magnitude, making it difficult to describe with a single value. The RMS value provides a convenient way to calculate the equivalent DC voltage or current that would produce the same heating effect in a resistor as the AC waveform.
Mathematically, the RMS value of an AC waveform is the square root...
Geometric Mean01:15

Geometric Mean

The mean is a measure of the central tendency of a data set. In some data sets, the data is inherently multiplicative, and the arithmetic mean is not useful. For example, the human population multiplies with time, and so does the credit amount of financial investment, as the interest compounds over successive time intervals.
In cases of multiplicative data, the geometric mean is used for statistical analysis. First, the product of all the elements is taken. Then, if there are n elements in the...
Derivatives: Problem Solving01:26

Derivatives: Problem Solving

Temperature-Dependent Growth of Brook TroutThe growth of brook trout is closely influenced by water temperature. Experimental data demonstrate how trout weight changes over a 24-day period in response to varying water temperatures. At lower temperatures, such as 15.5 degrees Celsius, brook trout show significant weight gain. However, as the temperature increases, the amount of weight gained steadily decreases. At the highest temperature measured, 24.4 degrees Celsius, trout experience a net...
Regression Analysis01:11

Regression Analysis

Regression analysis is a statistical tool that describes a mathematical relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.
In regression analysis, a regression equation is determined based on the line of best fit– a line that best fits the data points plotted in a graph. This line is also called the regression line. The algebraic equation for the regression line is called the regression equation. It is represented as:
Power in an AC Circuit01:26

Power in an AC Circuit

In a DC circuit, the power consumed is simply the product of the DC voltage times the DC current, given in watts. However, the power consumed for AC circuits with reactive components is calculated differently. Since electrical power is the "rate" at which energy is used in a circuit, all electrical and electronic components and devices have a safe operating range for electrical power.
In a DC circuit, there is no sinusoidal waveform associated with the supply; the voltages and currents are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Estimating average annual per cent change in trend analysis.

Limin X Clegg1, Benjamin F Hankey, Ram Tiwari

  • 1Office of Inspector General, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA. lin_clegg@nih.gov

Statistics in Medicine
|October 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The average annual percent change (AAPC) is a new method to analyze trends in health rates, improving upon conventional and segmented annual percent changes. AAPC provides a more reliable summary and comparison of trends, especially across different population groups.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Biostatistics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Conventional annual percent change (cAPC) assumes constant rate change, which is often inaccurate for long-term health trends.
  • Segmented annual percent changes (sAPCs) address changing rates by dividing trends into partitions but complicate cross-group comparisons.
  • Existing methods can lead to erroneous conclusions when trend changes occur over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel statistical measure, the average annual percent change (AAPC), for summarizing and comparing health trends.
  • To address the limitations of cAPC and sAPCs in accurately reflecting trend changes over time and across different groups.
  • To provide a robust method for analyzing incidence and mortality rate trends.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed the average annual percent change (AAPC) as a new metric.
  • Utilized segmented analysis (sAPCs) to account for trend transitions.
  • Incorporated AAPC estimation into the Joinpoint software for segmented regression analysis.

Main Results:

  • AAPC accurately summarizes trends by incorporating trend transitions, unlike cAPC.
  • AAPC reduces to cAPC and sAPC when the trend is constant over the entire interval.
  • AAPC estimates remain consistent within a single time partition, unlike cAPC which is sensitive to subinterval selection.

Conclusions:

  • AAPC offers a more reliable and consistent method for analyzing and comparing health trends over specific periods.
  • The AAPC method enhances the accuracy of trend analysis, particularly in epidemiological studies and cancer registries.
  • The integration of AAPC into Joinpoint software facilitates its widespread adoption and application in public health surveillance.