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Related Concept Videos

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First Impression

First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Attentional modulation of the mere exposure effect.

Yoshihiko Yagi1, Shinobu Ikoma, Tadashi Kikuchi

  • 1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Y-yagi@aist.go.jp

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|October 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Selective attention influences the mere exposure effect, enhancing preference for attended stimuli. Even when participants recognize other shapes, attention focuses the mere exposure effect on selected targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Perception and Attention

Background:

  • The mere exposure effect describes how familiarity increases liking.
  • Selective attention is crucial for processing information, but its role in the mere exposure effect is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how selective attention modulates the mere exposure effect.
  • To determine if attention is necessary for the mere exposure effect to occur.

Main Methods:

  • Participants were exposed to visual stimuli (polygons) under conditions of varying attentional focus.
  • Affective judgments were collected for evaluated drawings, comparing attended versus unattended stimuli.
  • Experimental designs manipulated stimulus features and attentional demands across four experiments.

Main Results:

  • A significant mere exposure effect was observed exclusively for stimuli that were the focus of selective attention.
  • This effect persisted even when participants could identify non-target stimuli.
  • Attentional selection was identified as a key factor in eliciting the mere exposure effect.

Conclusions:

  • Selective attention plays a critical role in shaping the mere exposure effect.
  • The mere exposure effect is not a passive process but is modulated by active attentional mechanisms.
  • Future research should explore the neural underpinnings of attention-modulated familiarity.