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Establishment of the Dual Humanized TK-NOG Mouse Model for HIV-associated Liver Pathogenesis
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HIV and the Kidney.

Leslie A Bruggeman1, Charles Bark, Robert C Kalayjian

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44102, USA. rkalayjian@metrohealth.org

Current Infectious Disease Reports
|October 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

HIV-1 infection causes various kidney disorders, including HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), particularly in individuals of African descent. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves outcomes but requires careful management in patients with kidney disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Direct effects of HIV-1 infection impact kidney health.
  • Kidney disorders in HIV disease result from a combination of factors including immune responses, genetics, comorbidities, coinfections, and drug toxicities.
  • HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a severe kidney disease primarily affecting individuals of African descent, leading to rapid progression to end-stage renal disease without treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the spectrum of kidney disorders in HIV disease.
  • To highlight the impact of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and its association with antiretroviral therapy (ART).
  • To emphasize the importance of vigilant renal function monitoring and appropriate ART management in HIV-infected patients with kidney disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HIV-1 infection and kidney disease.
  • Analysis of the pathogenesis of HIVAN.
  • Examination of the role and management of ART in renal complications.

Main Results:

  • HIV-1 infection directly affects the kidneys, contributing to a range of renal disorders.
  • HIVAN is a distinct entity with a predilection for individuals of African descent, characterized by rapid progression to end-stage renal disease.
  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) alters the course of HIVAN and offers broader renal benefits, though it is often underutilized or improperly dosed in patients with renal impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal care for HIV-infected patients necessitates vigilant monitoring of renal function.
  • Understanding the complex interplay between HIV, kidney disease, and treatment is crucial.
  • Appropriate and timely antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for managing renal complications in HIV disease.