Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

International multisite implementation of distributed cell-free protein biomanufacturing to advance health and research equity.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Expert Recommendations to Strengthen Chikungunya Outbreak Surveillance and Reporting for Traveler Health Protection.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene·2026
Same author

An integrated computational antigen discovery pipeline with hierarchical filtering for emerging viral variants.

NAR molecular medicine·2026
Same author

Transmission dynamics of Oropouche virus in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

Chikungunya outbreak in eastern Senegal, 2023.

BMC infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Endemicity of a Yellow Fever Virus Strain Revealed by Entomological Surveillance in Southeastern Senegal.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses
05:22

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses

Published on: November 4, 2025

Present and future arboviral threats.

Scott C Weaver1, William K Reisen

  • 1Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA. sweaver@utmb.edu

Antiviral Research
|October 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are a growing global health threat, with factors like climate change and urbanization driving their spread. Understanding arbovirus emergence is crucial for public and veterinary health.

More Related Videos

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
06:02

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Published on: September 13, 2018

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection
08:02

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection

Published on: July 28, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses
05:22

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses

Published on: November 4, 2025

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
06:02

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Published on: September 13, 2018

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection
08:02

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection

Published on: July 28, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) pose significant global health risks, circulating in wild animals and spilling over to humans and domestic animals.
  • Viruses like dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) have adapted for urban epidemics, while West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) have expanded geographically, causing major outbreaks.
  • Climate change and increased urbanization, particularly with the spread of vectors like Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are facilitating arbovirus emergence and expansion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of arbovirus emergence, spread, and impact on public and veterinary health.
  • To highlight the role of environmental factors, such as climate warming and urbanization, in arbovirus epidemiology.
  • To identify potential future threats from arboviruses like Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and Mayaro virus.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on arbovirus epidemiology, ecology, and public health impact.
  • Analysis of geographic expansion patterns and contributing factors for key arboviruses (WNV, JEV, RVFV, BTV).
  • Assessment of the role of mosquito vectors (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus) in urban arbovirus transmission cycles.

Main Results:

  • Arboviruses are increasingly important pathogens, with significant geographic expansion observed for WNV, JEV, and bluetongue viruses (BTV).
  • Urbanization and specific mosquito vectors (Aedes spp.) are critical for sustained transmission of viruses like DENV and CHIKV.
  • Climate warming influences vector distribution and transmission seasons, as seen with BTV in Europe.

Conclusions:

  • Arboviruses represent a significant and evolving threat to human and animal health globally.
  • Factors including climate change, urbanization, and vector adaptation are driving arbovirus emergence and expansion into new regions.
  • Continued research is essential to predict and mitigate the impact of emerging arboviruses, including Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and Mayaro virus.