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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
09:25

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma

Published on: October 14, 2016

Osteosarcoma in young children.

H Kozakewich1, A R Perez-Atayde, A M Goorin

  • 1Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.

Cancer
|February 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric osteosarcoma survival improved significantly after 1972 due to effective chemotherapy. Combining surgery with chemotherapy offers the best chance for long-term survival in children with osteosarcoma.

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Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Orthopedic Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma is a rare bone cancer primarily affecting children and adolescents.
  • Treatment advancements have historically impacted survival rates for pediatric osteosarcoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinicopathologic features and outcomes of osteosarcoma in children under 16.
  • To assess the impact of chemotherapy introduction on pediatric osteosarcoma survival.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 12 pediatric osteosarcoma cases treated over 70 years.
  • Comparison of survival rates before and after 1972, correlating with chemotherapy introduction.

Main Results:

  • Only 1 of 6 children treated before 1972 survived long-term.
  • 4 of 6 children (67%) treated after 1972 achieved disease-free survival with an average follow-up of 8.8 years.
  • The introduction of high-dose methotrexate and leucovorin rescue chemotherapy in 1972 marked a significant improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Osteosarcoma in young children shares similar features and behavior with older patients.
  • Aggressive chemotherapy combined with wide surgical resection or amputation is crucial for improving long-term survival in pediatric osteosarcoma.