Approach to a lung transplant biopsy

With increasing numbers of lung transplants being performed worldwide, lung transplant allograft biopsies are becoming increasingly common. The evaluation of lung transplant biopsies typically focuses on the assessment of allograft rejection and infection, but other entities may also be seen in biopsy material. Presented here is an approach to lung transplant biopsies, in which there is an overview major diagnostic entities that may be encountered and discussion of findings that may present interpretive challenges.