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Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
Published on: July 21, 2018
Dependence of output coupling efficiency on detuning in surface grating output couplers
Optics Letters
|October 28, 2009
Summary
Researchers investigated surface grating outcouplers for lasers. Detuning grating periodicity achieved over 60% surface emission efficiency, crucial for efficient laser output coupling.
Area of Science:
- Optoelectronics and Laser Technology
- Materials Science (Semiconductors)
Background:
- Surface grating outcouplers are essential components in semiconductor lasers for efficient light extraction.
- Optimizing output coupling efficiency is critical for enhancing laser performance and device integration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between surface grating outcoupler periodicity and output coupling efficiency.
- To achieve high surface emission efficiency in InGaAs/AlGaAs horizontal cavity laser oscillators.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of horizontal cavity InGaAs/AlGaAs laser oscillators using electron-beam lithography and chemically assisted ion-beam etching.
- Integration of first-order surface gratings for feedback and detuned second-order gratings as surface output couplers.
- Experimental measurement of surface emission efficiency as a function of grating periodicity.
Main Results:
- A high surface emission efficiency exceeding 60% was achieved for specific detuned grating periodicities (-2.5 nm to -15 nm and +2.5 nm) relative to the 295 nm resonance periodicity.
- Surface emission efficiency decreased with larger positive detuning due to the onset of second-order diffraction into the substrate.
Conclusions:
- Detuning the periodicity of second-order surface gratings is an effective method to achieve high output coupling efficiency in semiconductor lasers.
- Careful control of grating periodicity and understanding diffraction orders are crucial for optimizing laser device design and performance.
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