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Light directs zebrafish period2 expression via conserved D and E boxes.

Gad Vatine1, Daniela Vallone, Lior Appelbaum

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Plos Biology
|October 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a light-responsive module (LRM) in the zebrafish per2 gene promoter. This module controls light-driven gene expression and circadian clock regulation, revealing a conserved mechanism across vertebrates.

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Light is a primary environmental cue for circadian clock entrainment in most species.
  • Zebrafish exhibit direct light sensitivity in most tissues, enabling local clock entrainment.
  • The molecular mechanisms linking light exposure to clock gene expression remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which light regulates the transcription of the zebrafish period2 (per2) gene.
  • To identify and characterize the regulatory elements responsible for light-induced per2 expression.
  • To investigate the evolutionary conservation and functional significance of these regulatory elements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transgenic zebrafish and stably transfected cell lines for functional assays.
  • Defined a specific Light Responsive Module (LRM) within the per2 promoter.
  • Analyzed the role of E-box and D-box elements within the LRM and identified binding factors.

Main Results:

  • Identified a promoter region (LRM) necessary and sufficient for light-driven per2 expression and circadian regulation.
  • Demonstrated conservation of the LRM sequence across vertebrate per2 genes, including functional substitution by the human LRM.
  • Revealed that the D-box element confers light-driven expression via binding of the thyrotroph embryonic factor (tef), which is itself light-inducible.

Conclusions:

  • A light-dependent crosstalk between E-box and D-box binding factors is a key determinant of per2 gene expression.
  • This mechanism provides insight into how circadian clocks are entrained by light and the evolution of light-regulated clock gene expression in vertebrates.