[Clinical problems in the treatment of myeloid leukemia in childhood]

As for childhood AML, intensification of chemotherapy and advance in supportive care have contributed toward the patient survival. In addition to prevent early death, we have to develop a risk classification and appropriate therapies with updated genomics, especially for the intermediate risk group which has much diversity. Also, new treatment strategies utilizing various molecular-targeted therapies are required. For childhood CML, the possibilities of unknown risks which accompanied by life-long imatinib treatment should be considered. Comparing SCT and imatinib, We need to make an original treatment guideline for child CML. Furthermore, according to the increase of long-term survivors, the late adverse effects showed up. We should aim for "full recovery" and hope to have a long-term follow up and feedback system for the survivors.