Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty
10:03

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty

Published on: January 28, 2020

Inflammatory systemic biomarkers in setting acute coronary syndromes--effects of the diurnal variation

A Dominguez-Rodriguez1, P Abreu-Gonzalez, J C Kaski

  • 1Department of Cardiology (Coronary Care Unit), University Hospital of Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. adrvdg@hotmail.com

Current Drug Targets
|October 29, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Diurnal variations significantly impact inflammatory biomarkers in acute coronary syndrome. Understanding these daily changes is crucial for accurate blood sample analysis and effective patient risk assessment in cardiovascular disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) involve persistent immune activation and inflammation, detectable in both vascular walls and peripheral blood.
  • Patients with coronary artery disease exhibit elevated inflammatory markers, including neutrophils, T cells, and specific mediators.
  • Cardiovascular events often show a diurnal pattern, with a peak incidence in the early morning hours.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of diurnal variations on key inflammatory systemic biomarkers in acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
  • To highlight the importance of understanding diurnal variations for accurate analysis of blood-derived samples in ACS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on diurnal variations in inflammatory markers in ACS.
  • Focus on specific biomarkers: interleukin-6, neopterin, matrix metalloproteinases, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble CD40 ligand, and C-reactive protein.

Main Results:

  • Diurnal variations are documented in several inflammatory systemic markers in patients with ACS.
  • These temporal changes can significantly alter the analysis of blood samples.
  • Knowledge of diurnal variations is essential for controlling their impact on diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Diurnal variations represent a critical factor influencing the measurement and interpretation of inflammatory biomarkers in ACS.
  • Accounting for diurnal fluctuations is necessary for precise risk stratification and effective management of patients with acute coronary syndrome.
  • Further research should consider the temporal dynamics of biomarkers for improved clinical utility in cardiovascular disease assessment.

Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...