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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation
11:24

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation

Published on: July 3, 2015

Cell response to ionising radiation analysed by gene expression patterns.

Laurence Roy1, Gaëtan Gruel, Aurélie Vaurijoux

  • 1Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Direction de la Radioprotection de l'Homme, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. laurence.roy@irsn.fr

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanita
|October 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Gene expression profiling using microarray technology can detect cellular responses to radiation exposure. While precise dose estimation remains challenging, this method shows potential for identifying low-dose chronic radiation exposure effects.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Quantification of γH2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation
06:53

Quantification of γH2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation

Published on: April 6, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Radiation Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Ionizing radiation exposure triggers cellular mechanisms involving gene modulation.
  • Quantitative real-time PCR (QT-PCR) and microarray techniques measure these genetic modifications.
  • Microarray analysis offers global monitoring of cellular stress responses to radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of gene expression analysis, particularly microarrays, for radiation dose assessment.
  • To investigate the feasibility of using gene profiles to detect low-dose chronic radiation exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing microarray technology for global gene expression profiling in response to radiation.
  • Analyzing gene expression patterns in cells and in vivo studies following radiation exposure.

Main Results:

  • While precise dose estimation from gene expression is currently difficult, specific gene sets related to radiation doses have been identified.
  • Some gene inductions show proportionality to the radiation dose.
  • In vivo studies demonstrate significant modifications in gene profiles of individuals chronically exposed to cumulative doses exceeding 10 mSv.

Conclusions:

  • Microarray-based gene expression profiling holds significant promise for detecting the effects of low-dose chronic radiation exposure.
  • Further research is needed to refine gene expression analysis for precise radiation dose assessment.