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Gastric asthma: a clinical review
1Department of Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Summary
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to pulmonary complications, particularly in asthma patients. This review explores the mechanisms linking GER to asthma exacerbation.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Pulmonology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) involves stomach contents moving into the esophagus, potentially causing tissue irritation and injury.
- GER can lead to various complications, including esophageal, head, neck, and pulmonary issues.
- The association between GER and asthma, termed gastric asthma, has been recognized for over a century, though its significance is debated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the potential mechanisms by which GER may induce or exacerbate asthma.
- To examine the evidence supporting the link between GER and bronchoconstriction in asthmatic individuals.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on clinical and experimental data.
- Analysis of studies investigating the prevalence of GER in asthma patients.
- Examination of proposed mechanisms for GER-induced asthma.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of GER in asthma patients is higher than in the general population, with reported rates varying widely (30%-90%).
- Two primary mechanisms are proposed for how GER might cause bronchoconstriction and worsen airflow obstruction in asthma.
- Evidence supporting these mechanisms has been reviewed in the literature.
Conclusions:
- GER is a recognized factor that can contribute to pulmonary complications, including asthma.
- Understanding the mechanisms linking GER and asthma is crucial for managing patients with both conditions.
- Further research may clarify the exact role and management strategies for GER in asthma.
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