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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier
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Channel waveguide laser at 1 microm in Yb-indiffused LiNbO(3).

J K Jones, J P de Sandro, M Hempstead

    Optics Letters
    |October 29, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    We achieved laser action in ytterbium-doped lithium niobate waveguides using thermal indiffusion. Annealing reduced photorefractive damage, enabling continuous lasing at multiple wavelengths with low pump power thresholds.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optics and Photonics
    • Solid-State Physics

    Background:

    • Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a key material for integrated optics.
    • Doping LiNbO3 with rare-earth ions like ytterbium (Yb3+) enables optical gain.
    • Photorefractive damage can hinder continuous-wave operation in LiNbO3 devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate laser action in Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides doped with Yb3+ ions.
    • To investigate the effect of annealing on photorefractive properties and lasing performance.
    • To characterize the lasing wavelengths, thresholds, and output power.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides.
    • Doping the waveguides with trivalent Ytterbium (Yb3+) ions via thermal indiffusion.

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  • Annealing the Yb3+-doped waveguides in wet O2 to mitigate photorefractive effects.
  • Characterization of lasing performance using high-reflectivity mirrors and an output coupler.

    • Main Results:

    • Laser action was achieved at 1008 nm, 1030 nm, and 1060 nm.
    • Low launched pump power thresholds as low as 15 mW were observed.
    • Annealing significantly reduced photorefractive damage, enabling continuous lasing.
    • A slope efficiency of approximately 16% with respect to absorbed power was achieved.

    Conclusions:

    • Ti-diffused Yb3+-doped LiNbO3 waveguides are suitable for integrated laser applications.
    • Annealing is crucial for overcoming photorefractive limitations and achieving stable continuous-wave lasing.
    • These waveguides offer efficient laser operation at multiple near-infrared wavelengths.