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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

DNA-affinity-purified Chip (DAP-chip) Method to Determine Gene Targets for Bacterial Two component Regulatory Systems

DNA-affinity-purified Chip (DAP-chip) Method to Determine Gene Targets for Bacterial Two component Regulatory Systems

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Human cell chips: adapting DNA microarray spotting technology to cell-based imaging assays.

Traver Hart¹, Alice Zhao, Ankit Garg

¹Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.

|October 29, 2009

Summary

We developed human spotted cell chips to analyze cellular states after chemical or genetic changes. This scalable technology enables multiplexed analysis of protein abundance, localization, and activation, reducing experimental costs and increasing repeatability.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

DNA-affinity-purified Chip (DAP-chip) Method to Determine Gene Targets for Bacterial Two component Regulatory Systems

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Published on: July 21, 2014

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A Microfluidic Chip for the Versatile Chemical Analysis of Single Cells

A Microfluidic Chip for the Versatile Chemical Analysis of Single Cells

Published on: October 15, 2013

Area of Science:

Cell biology
Biotechnology
Molecular biology

Background:

Analyzing cellular responses to perturbations requires robust and scalable methods.
Current techniques can be costly and time-consuming, limiting high-throughput screening.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce human spotted cell chips, a novel technology for high-throughput cellular state analysis.
To demonstrate the versatility and scalability of cell chips for various molecular assays.

Main Methods:

Cells are cultured, treated, fixed, and printed onto glass slides.
Slides are probed using immunofluorescence or optical reporters and analyzed by automated microscopy.
Assays include monitoring protein abundance (PKR), localization (NFkappaB), and activation (STAT1, p38, JNK).

Main Results:

Demonstrated applications in HeLa and A549 cells responding to anisomycin, TNFalpha, and interferon.
Successfully printed a cell chip with approximately 4,700 discrete HeLa cell samples, showing scalability.
Validated the ability to measure changes in protein abundance, subcellular localization, and kinase activation.

Conclusions:

Human spotted cell chips offer a scalable and cost-effective platform for multiplexed cellular analysis.
This technology decouples experimental conditions from assay techniques, enhancing experimental design and repeatability.
Enables comprehensive examination of cellular responses to various effectors across multiple molecular targets.