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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry
15:35

Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 19, 2010

Ion trap mass analysis at high pressure: an experimental characterization.

Qingyu Song1, Wei Xu, Scott A Smith

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

Journal of Mass Spectrometry : JMS
|October 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study characterized rectilinear ion trap (RIT) performance at high pressures up to 50 mtorr using air as a buffer gas. High-pressure operation showed improved collision-induced dissociation (CID) efficiency.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry
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High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States
04:37

High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States

Published on: June 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Ion Physics

Background:

  • Growing interest in high-pressure mass spectrometry for miniaturization and improved ion handling.
  • Conventional mass spectrometers operate at lower pressures, limiting certain applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the performance of a rectilinear ion trap (RIT) at elevated pressures (up to 50 mtorr).
  • To evaluate key performance metrics including mass analysis efficiency, resolution, isolation, and collision-induced dissociation (CID).
  • To understand the impact of pressure on ion stability and optimize operating conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Configured a rectilinear ion trap (RIT) instrument for high-pressure operation.
  • Utilized air as the buffer gas.
  • Evaluated mass analysis efficiency, mass resolution, isolation efficiency, and CID efficiency across a pressure range of 1 to 50 mtorr.
  • Characterized performance degradation and determined optimal resonance ejection conditions.

Main Results:

  • Mass resolution, isolation efficiency, and ion stability were characterized as functions of pressure.
  • Optimal resonance ejection conditions were identified at various pressures.
  • Operation at 50 mtorr demonstrated enhanced CID efficiency.
  • Achieved peak widths of 2 m/z (FWHM) for protonated caffeine and 5 m/z (FWHM) for Ultramark at 50 mtorr.

Conclusions:

  • Rectilinear ion traps can operate effectively at pressures up to 50 mtorr.
  • High-pressure operation offers advantages such as improved CID efficiency.
  • Performance metrics like resolution and stability are affected by pressure but can be managed.