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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design
07:40

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

Published on: May 31, 2021

Reference values for facilitating the interpretation of the ESPRINT-15 questionnaire (Spanish version).

A Valero1, E Baró, J Sastre

  • 1Allergy Unit, Pneumology and Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. Valero@clinic.ub.es

Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

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This study established reference values for the ESPRINT-15 quality of life questionnaire in adults with allergic rhinitis. Findings show differences based on gender, rhinitis type, and symptom severity, aiding clinical interpretation.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Quality of Life Research
  • Clinical Measurement

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis significantly impacts health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
  • The ESPRINT-15 is a validated short-form instrument for assessing HRQoL in allergic rhinitis.
  • Establishing normative data is crucial for accurate interpretation of HRQoL scores.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate reference values for the ESPRINT-15 questionnaire.
  • To stratify these values by key patient characteristics for improved interpretability.
  • To provide a benchmark for assessing individual HRQoL in allergic rhinitis patients.

Main Methods:

  • A representative sample of 2756 Spanish adults with allergic rhinitis completed the ESPRINT-15.
  • Mean scores and percentiles were calculated.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design
07:40

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

Published on: May 31, 2021

  • Data were analyzed based on rhinitis type (persistent/intermittent) and symptom severity (very mild to severe).

    • Main Results:

    • Men reported better HRQoL scores than women (P<.001).
    • Intermittent rhinitis yielded better scores than persistent rhinitis (P<.001).
    • HRQoL scores worsened significantly with increasing symptom severity (ES ≈ 1.0 between groups).

    Conclusions:

    • Reference values stratified by gender, rhinitis type, and severity enhance ESPRINT-15 interpretability.
    • Obtained percentiles facilitate clinical evaluation of individual patient HRQoL.
    • These data support personalized assessment and management of allergic rhinitis.