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Updated: Jun 19, 2026
Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
Published on: August 9, 2012
Regional variations in small intestinal submucosa evoke differences in inflammation with subsequent impact on tissue
Richard A Ashley1, Christopher C Roth, Blake W Palmer
1Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Objective:
To examine the histological differences in the inflammatory response and regenerative outcomes of distal vs proximal porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) grafts in the rat bladder, as SIS from distal small intestine yields reliable and reproducible bladder regeneration, while SIS from proximal portions of small intestine does not provide similar results.
Materials And Methods:
In all, 30 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent hemi-cystectomy followed by anastomosis of a bladder patch of SIS prepared from either distal or proximal small intestine. After bladder harvest, immunohistochemistry was used to quantify mast cells, eosinophils, macrophages, and neutrophils (PMNs). Total cell count per unit area was compared across the time course in univariate and logistic regression modelling.
Results:
There were more eosinophils and mast cells in proximal SIS grafts, while there were more macrophages and PMNs in distal SIS grafts (all P < 0.05). Trichrome analysis showed increased collagen deposition in proximal SIS grafts and little smooth muscle regeneration. There was also significant graft contracture in proximal SIS grafts compared with distal SIS grafts (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
We conclude that the location of SIS origin may evoke different inflammatory responses, which results in altered bladder tissue regeneration.
