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Cardiovascular response to stress.

J A Herd1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

Physiological Reviews
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychological stressors are defined by their novel, challenging, or threatening aspects that require mental effort. Individual factors, like family history of hypertension, influence the stress response, affecting cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Psychological stressors are operationally defined by their capacity to elicit a stress response.
  • The probability of a stress response is influenced by situational and individual factors.
  • Defining stressors solely by their effects risks overlooking their inherent characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To operationally define psychological stressors and their behavioral characteristics.
  • To elucidate the components of the behavioral response to psychological stressors.
  • To identify factors that modify the stress response.

Main Methods:

  • Defined psychological stressors based on their structural characteristics (novelty, challenge, threat).
  • Described behavioral responses including somatomotor, neuroendocrine, and cardiovascular components.

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  • Examined modifiers of the stress response, focusing on family history.

    • Main Results:

    • Psychological stressors characterized by novelty, challenge, or threat, requiring continuous mental effort, are more likely to elicit a stress response.
    • The intensity of the stress response correlates with the mental effort exerted.
    • Family history of essential hypertension significantly increases the likelihood of a cardiovascular stress response pattern.

    Conclusions:

    • Psychological stressors can be defined by their inherent qualities that engage active mental effort.
    • The stress response involves complex somatomotor, neuroendocrine, and cardiovascular adjustments.
    • Individual predispositions, particularly family history, play a crucial role in modulating stress responses.