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Surgical applications of methyl methacrylate: a review of toxicity
Peter A Leggat1, Derek R Smith, Ureporn Kedjarune
1James Cook University in Townsville, Australia. Peter.Leggat@jcu.edu.au
Abstract:
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is a monomer of acrylic resin widely used in a variety of medical, dental, and industrial applications. Its extensive use in surgery, particularly for arthroplasties, has often raised concerns regarding potential human toxicity for orthopaedic surgeons, surgical nurses, and other operating-room staff who are occupationally exposed to the compound. The main toxic effects of MMA exposure appear to involve the cardiovascular system. When exposed to MMA in the work environment, surgical staff have been reported to suffer from hypersensitivity, asthmatic reactions, local neurological symptoms, irritations and local dermatological reactions. The integrity of latex gloves may also be compromised following exposure to MMA during surgical procedures. At present, MMA is not thought to be carcinogenic to humans under normal conditions of use. Nevertheless, sound occupational hygiene practices should still be used to help reduce workplace exposure to MMA during orthopaedic and other medical procedures. Surgical staff should avoid direct contact with MMA mixtures wherever possible, and room ventilation and adequate airflow should also be optimized. In the present article, the authors review studies relating to MMA toxicity in surgical practice, updating in part a previous literature review and expanding on the toxicity of MMA within the surgical setting.
Insights
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) exposure in surgery can cause cardiovascular and dermatological issues for staff. Implementing strict occupational hygiene, like ventilation and avoiding direct contact, is crucial for reducing risks.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Toxicology
- Medical Materials Science
Background:
- Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is a key acrylic resin monomer utilized in medical, dental, and industrial fields.
- Its application in surgeries, especially arthroplasties, raises occupational toxicity concerns for healthcare professionals.
- Previous reviews have addressed MMA toxicity, necessitating an update focused on surgical settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and update existing literature on methyl methacrylate (MMA) toxicity within the surgical environment.
- To highlight the specific health risks for operating room staff exposed to MMA.
- To emphasize the importance of occupational hygiene in mitigating MMA-related hazards.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies concerning MMA toxicity in surgical practice.
- Analysis of reported health effects on surgical staff from MMA exposure.
- Evaluation of current occupational hygiene recommendations for MMA handling.
Main Results:
- MMA exposure primarily affects the cardiovascular system and can cause hypersensitivity, respiratory issues, neurological symptoms, and skin reactions.
- Latex glove integrity may be compromised upon MMA contact.
- MMA is not considered carcinogenic to humans under typical usage conditions.
Conclusions:
- Healthcare workers face significant occupational health risks from MMA exposure during surgical procedures.
- Adherence to stringent occupational hygiene practices is essential to minimize MMA exposure.
- Optimizing room ventilation and airflow, alongside avoiding direct contact, are key preventive measures.
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